A revolutionary class of cancer treatments that harnesses or enhances the patient's own immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. Unlike chemotherapy, it targets the immune system, not the tumor directly. Major types include:

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Monoclonal antibodies that block inhibitory pathways (e.g., PD-1, CTLA-4) on T-cells, "releasing the brakes" on the immune response.

CAR-T Cell Therapy: A personalized treatment where a patient's T-cells are genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that recognize specific tumor antigens, then infused back into the patient.

Cancer Vaccines & Cytokines: Agents designed to stimulate an immune response against cancer-specific antigens.